Giotto di Bondone Essays

Giotto di Bondone Essays Giotto di Bondone Paper Giotto di Bondone Paper Giotto di Bondone was conceived at Vespignano, close to Florence, in 1276. He kicked the bucket at Florence on January 8, 1337. The child of a laborer, he turned into the student of Cimabue, afterward, the head at Florence of a commended school of painters. His works incorporate twenty-eight frescoes in the walkway of the upper church of S. Francis dAssisi, under those by Cimabue; the frescoes on the roofs of the lower church of S. Francesco dAssisi, and an altarpiece (as indicated by Vas ri the most totally executed of every one of his works); thirty-eight frescoes in the Capella dellArena at Padua; the frescoes of four sanctuaries in Santa Croce, Florence, two of which have been decimated; and few certified board pictures. The surviving open record of Giotto’s life is inadequate yet never-the-less telling. It uncovers a character whose scope of interests and capacities is alarming. It diagrams the course of a man who effectively moved and worked in the generally unique universes of business, religious philosophy and workmanship. The open record likewise depicts a man who, in when political hints hued all parts of society, made due as well as prospered. Is it safe to say that he was along these lines, as some have asserted, a voice of his time or would he say he was, as others contend, a supernaturally propelled prophet of things to come? A prophet is normally comprehended to be one who remains outside of society calling consideration in a boisterous and regularly grating voice to that which is wrong in the way of life, yet the record demonstrates Giotto to take care of business who was acknowledged by his companions, become a close acquaintence with by the first class, regarded for his accomplishments and compensated monetarily for his achievements. : While there is no denying that Giottos workmanship was significantly impacted by the Franciscan development with its accentuation on perceiving the human in Christ and the awesome in man, (Ferguson, 300) the records which give us looks into Giottos individual life, show that the Franciscan call to destitution was not one that he lived out in his life. In case this meaning of a prophet consign Giotto as a matter of course to the class of a man of his time, from the basic point of view, it would be a slip-up to grapple Giotto in both of these classifications for what we are aware of him breaks the hard, fragile molds. Giotto di Bondone is a conundrum, a logical inconsistency dissipating the legendary generalizations. Frequently called the dad of Western artistic creation, Giotto made an extraordinary unrest in painting. Despite the fact that he stayed dedicated to certain standards of his convention, his wellspring of style is in all likelihood from the Roman school of painting which is portrayed by an incredible enthusiasm for the sculptural rendering of structure (Horst de la Croix and Tansey, 537). For example, Giottos Paduan frescoes contained a few attributes new to that period. To start with, the start of spatial point of view gave a shallow space where figures could be put to the front, center or back everything being equal. Also, figures were drawn with three divisional characteristics of roundness and weight. Third, there was a general surface example which accentuated the fundamental highlights of the activity, for example, the bearing of development of figures against a mostly practical scene. At long last, there was a proceeded with consciousness of the metaphorical, representative or figural importance of the subjects of the artistic creation (Holms, 210). Customarily, medieval workmanship was a specialty of copyists, of the translation of conventional picture cycles into a pretty much individual figure of speech (Gombrich, 150); be that as it may, in all styles the craftsman needs to depend on a jargon of structures, and that it is the information on this jargon instead of an information on things that recognizes the gifted from the incompetent craftsman. Also, it stays significant that there exists a characteristic draw toward the schematic which specialists, for example, Giotto prevailing with regards to surviving (Gombrich, 293). In Italy, the new advancements in workmanship have been followed to board artworks and to the frescoes and other such fantastic types of craftsmanship: If the most conclusive crossroads throughout the entire existence of Western canvas must be pinpointed to one day and one spot, it could be the day in Padua more than six and a half hundreds of years prior when Giotto washed out his brushes and investigated the pattern of frescoes he had quite recently finished for a house of prayer. In the lower segment of the fresco on the houses of prayer entrance divider, where the Last Judgment is imagined, Giotto clarifies that the structure is a propitiatory blessing (Canaday, 6). In Giottos fresco cycles surrounded scenes are connected much as Dante joined the cantos in his epic sonnet, the Divina Comedia. Additionally, the story style requested a persuading setting and Giottos viewpoint spoke to a technique for delineating a scene from a specific vantage point. The story style was created by the fourteenth century craftsman so as to portray a more prominent expectation and increased emotional articulation in his composition and to bring the superb subjects inside the domain of justifiable human inclination (Canaday, 5). The best early case of this style is Giottos fresco artistic creations in the Arena Chapel in Padua where the individual scenes on the church dividers give a glorious movement of the story starting with one area then onto the next with every episode imagined in its own passionate air similarly as a unit in a symphony† (Canaday, 6). The story is told with specialized authenticity, delicacy and an energy that includes the watchers as vicarious members. The human show which has been raised to a respectable scale, refines us through pity, if not through terror† (Canaday, 12). Along these lines, Giotto is known as the main Renaissance craftsman in that he refined the portrayal of the Christian story and in doing as such, opened a custom of reference to nature. As an extraordinary craftsman likewise in the old style custom, he recognized man in his physical being as a vessel of the astuteness and the spirit† (Canaday, 12).

Bierbrier Brewery

Bierbrier Brewery The Problem Definition and Statement Charles Bierbrier claims Bierbrier Brewery. Charles framed the organization after he accomplished a MBA degree at Concordia University and after he worked at National Bank of Canada for a time of more than six months.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Bierbrier Brewery explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization performed well from the time it started its activities. Deals developed at a high rate, and no cash was spent on advancement of items sold by the organization (Simpkins, 2008). Furthermore, the items created by Bierbrier Brewery got mainstream among the occupants of Montreal. Be that as it may, as 2008 methodologies, the organization faces various difficulties. These incorporate assurance of the proper dispersion and advancement procedures. It needs to decide the correct cost to set for its items and the market that it should target. The objective of this paper is to decide the fitt ing development, advancement and serious technique that Bierbrier Brewery should receive to empower its development in years to come. SWOT Analysis Bierbrier Brewery needs to lead a SWOT examination to decide the suitable advancement procedure. SWOT examination involves assurance of the qualities and shortcomings of an organization. Furthermore, it includes assurance of chances and dangers that an organization faces. Bierbrier Brewer has various qualities. The business has an accomplished and instructed supervisor. Charles holds a BA degree in Economics and a MBA. Moreover, he has filled in as a monetary counsel and a task official in Canada (Simpkins, 2008).Advertising Looking for contextual investigation on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These give him the aptitude required to oversee Bierbrier Brewery. Numerous individuals in Montreal like the lager that the organization sells. This is a qual ity that the organization has. The item gotten a positive gathering in the market, and this empowered the organization to be well known. The neighborhood character of barrel sold by the organization, logo and the association of Charles and his partners promoted the organization. The ubiquity of the organization additionally helped it to improve its believability. Besides, people who had tasted the lager created by the organization prescribed it to others. The solicitations that Charles got to go to interviews are likewise qualities that Bierbrier Brewery has. One shortcoming of Bierbrier Brewery is that the lager it produces doesn't have a progressively articulated possess a flavor like those delivered by other lager makers in Montreal (Simpkins, 2008). Moreover, the organization has hardly any staff individuals. At long last, the absence of a conveyance and advancement methodology is a shortcoming. The presence of unexploited market gives a chance to the organization. Microbrewerie s and imports share a 10% piece of the pie. Bierbrier Brewery is assembled as a microbrewery. It is noticed that development is conceivable in the microbrewery portion of the market.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Bierbrier Brewery explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, the danger that Bierbrier Brewery faces is the chance of rivalry from different microbreweries in Montreal. These microbreweries have entrenched brands like Ambroise, La Fin du Monde and Belle Guelle. The Situation The organization delighted in free exposure and advancement. As its validity developed, verbal spread, and it figured out how to get customers. Additionally, wine and food strength magazines, TV channels, paper and radio broadcasts highlighted anecdotes about the organization. The organization likewise worked without an advancement and appropriation plan. Notwithstanding, the organization figured out how to develop massively. The deals made develope d at an expanding rate, and Charles might want to extend the creation limit of Bierbrier Brewery by 100% (Simpkins, 2008). In any case, for the company’s creation to be expanded by 100% and accomplishment of profit for ventures to be made, the organization needs to guarantee that business keep on developing at twofold digit rates inside a time span that is sensible. Subsequently, Charles needs to decide the correct valuing, appropriation, division and advancement technique. Different Alternatives Currently, the valuing system utilized by Charles is in accordance with microbrewery items. The costs that Bierbrier Brewery charges for its items are around 15-20% higher than costs charged by standard brands. Moreover, the costs are 20% not as much as costs charged on imported brands like Becks and Heineken. Notwithstanding, as indicated by industry projections, creation costs are probably going to increment in 2008.Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In this manner, the options that Charles has are to hold up until creation costs increment, and afterward set the costs a while later. On the other hand, he can choose to set the costs dependent on competitors’ costs or increment costs now. The organization doesn't have a circulation technique. By and by, bars, accommodation stores and eateries appropriate the company’s items. In any case, the organization can receive different alternatives to use in circulation of the items. It can focus on all the three types of retail outlets, or spotlight on two or one. It can likewise target games, increment the assortment of brands or target explicit topographical territories (Simpkins, 2008). At long last, the organization doesn't have an advancement system. Nonetheless, as 2008 methodologies, the organization can embrace different procedures to advance it and items that it produces. The technique should empower it to expand deals volume in 2008. The organization can either embra ce the utilization of adverts, exposure creation and utilization of web, deals advancement or direct advancement techniques. Then again, it can choose not to market and expectation that verbal technique keeps on promoting the firm. Target Market The firm doesn't focus on any market section as of now. It regularly suits a wide range of customers. Bierbrier Brewery is a little firm and wouldn't like to limit its objective market. In any case, it can choose to target top of the line clients, similar to people who visit eateries situated in the affluent Westmont neighborhood, or focus on everyone. Assessment The projections made that creation expenses may increment in 2008 may not occur. In this manner, if Charles expands the costs now, he may lose numerous clients in 2008. This would antagonistically influence the organization. The utilization of competitors’ costs to set the costs of his items may prompt expanded expenses or low benefits. The contenders might be effective in th eir creation forms. Consequently, they might have the option to charge low costs and still make benefits. The activity of Bierbrier Brewery without a circulation procedure isn't suitable. A dissemination methodology can help customers discover the results of Bierbrier Brewery without any problem. Furthermore, a dissemination procedure can help the organization to screen contenders, exercises and increment customer base. Moreover, the absence of an advancement technique restrains the presentation of Bierbrier Brewery. An advancement system can help the organization to decide customers who like the items that it delivers over the items created by contenders. Besides, an advancement system can empower the organization to comprehend the qualities of the clients who like the items that it produces. Suggestions It is prudent for Charles not to expand the costs of the items delivered by Bierbrier Brewery now. He should hold up until the expenses of creation increments. Along these lines, h e should proceed with the present valuing procedure. The circulation system that he creates should focus on all the three types of retail outlets. The items created by the organization are as of now well known in the three types of retail outlets subsequently there is a chance of development. At last, he can embrace web use, deals advancement and utilization of adverts as the advancement systems. These systems are less expensive than direct advancement. Direct advancement may require more staff and this would be costly. End The utilization of the proposals made can help Bierbrier Brewery to build deals. The organization can supplement these methodologies with others like focusing on games and increment of the assortment of brands sold. These methodologies can empower it to extend in 2008. Reference Simpkins, H. (2008). Bierbrier-bottling works. Recovered from https://www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/

Touki Bouki Film Analysis

The film is about youthful Africans who choose to go to Paris in France to better their lives. They make a decent attempt to obtain pontoon passes to go to France seeking after soundness and flourishing. This is on the grounds that they have been pushed by the edgy conditions in Senegal. The film spins around Mory and Anta. Mory is a previous herd’s kid who is a motorcyclist. Anta then again is an understudy at a neighborhood college. It develops that the University is certainly not a place of refuge given that it is inclined to debauched revolutionaries.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Touki Bouki Film Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The subject of neediness is apparent in the film. Mory and Anta, for example, need to make a trip to France from Senegal however need cash for that. They pick to take the cash to provide food for the movement costs. First they take a crate at a wrestling match planning to get some money in th e case. They later take cash and garments from Charlie the rich gay who had been pulled in to Mory. The film depicts the Senegalese society as one which is partitioned by class. On one side there are the well off that are for the most part the urban focuses and live sumptuously getting a charge out of the luxuries. Then again there are poor people, who are for the most part in the rustic zones and are in miserable destitution, having no entrance to fundamental enhancements. When Mory chooses to land from the vessel he returns to Medina, which is where individuals live under wretched conditions (Ukadike 173). The other subject that is obvious in the film is social distance. Mory is depicted as a youngster with no regard for the Senegalese customs. Rather than riding on a cow, he rides on a motorbike with the horns of a dairy animals attached to the handle bar. While scanning for the cash to encourage the excursion to Paris, Mory is eager to offer himself to a rich African Gay individ ual, Charlie. This is in opposition to the African culture which detests homosexuality. It is apparent that the wealthy Africans copy the way of life of the whites which is in opposition to the Senegalese culture. Neo-expansionism is another conspicuous topic in this film. Mory and Anta, for example, see their locale as in reverse and they make a decent attempt, in any event, taking to manage the cost of their passes to Paris, their fantasy city. They hence see the Whiteman’s way of life as predominant. A portion of the rich and world class in Senegal have adjusted the Whiteman’s way of life, similar to homosexuality which is despised in the African culture. Mory and Anta additionally have intercourse yet they are not hitched. This is against their way of life. The Senegalese culture is portrayed as one which has lost its qualities and has been infringed by the Whiteman’s culture. The film was first discharged in 1973 after freedom. Senegal is delineated as a co untry thinking about the quest for its character. When Anta goes to a portion of the gatherings with the progressives, it is apparent that they talk in French and will in general revive the pilgrim practice. Prejudice is eminent.Advertising Looking for article on workmanship and plan? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The subject of enduring is additionally depicted in the film. Lion's share of the individuals live under lamentable conditions with no entrance to conveniences. The greater part of the poor live in the provincial territories and ghettos. Anta and Mory meet in Dakar while attempting to figure out how to make a trip to Paris to get away from the wretchedness in their nation. The film starts in a country setting and moves to an abattoir where steers are butchered severely by first cutting open their windpipes. This is representative of the enduring of Africans in this post-provincial Senegal. The mercilessness vested on these creatures is a similar that the blacks are compelled to experience. When Mory at long last chooses to land from the pontoon, he selects to return to the ghettos where life is intense, as individuals are blocked and live under miserable conditions. Treachery is another subject that turns out in this film. The locals live under wretched conditions yet it is during the post pioneer period. It was expectated that after autonomy they would be represented by their kindred Africans and be monetarily enabled just as get rid of the bigotry that described the Whiteman’s rule. The people’s trusts are run the same number of locals are as yet poor and live in ghettos under lamentable conditions or are in provincial regions where they need essential conveniences. They are baffled. Selling out is additionally obvious in the ways of life of the greater part of the young, the tip top and the wealthy who have relinquished their conventional qualities for the Whiteman’s c ulture. Homosexuality, for example, is seen as an untouchable yet it is rehearsed by Charlie, a rich youngster who is pulled in to Mory. Anta and Mory have intercourse yet they are not hitched and take part in various types of indecencies including taking to get a vessel pass to Paris. Mory as opposed to riding on a cow, has connected horns of a dairy animals on his motorbike handle bar. Mory and Anta see their way of life as in reverse and make a decent attempt to get a pass to Paris to live like a Whiteman. Mory additionally sells out Anta when he leaves her at the vessel and picks to return to his way of life in the ghettos, yet they had consented to make a trip together to Paris. Intrinsic pressure is clear in this film. It is obvious from the contention that exists among convention and change. The way that Mory chooses to tie the skull of a dairy animals on his motorbike means that the contention among convention and innovation. By Anta heading off to the University as opposed to stay docile to the Aunt and Islamic convention means that a break from the customary culture. The locals appear to be limited by their customary odd ways instead of innovation where individuals don't trust in such. Anta’s auntie, for example, is a magician yet Anta herself isn't an adherent to such.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Touki Bouki Film Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aspects of homosexuality, displayed, are a sign of the breakaway from the customary qualities that severely dislikes that as a bad habit. Senegal is required to be an autonomous nation. The nation is anyway as yet thinking about Neo-expansionism with the whites despite everything saw as unrivaled and their way of life copied by the vast majority. Parts of prejudice are wild. Progressive developments despite everything want to utilize French while talking and even Anta and Mory make a decent attempt to get a pass to go to the Whiteman’s land . Mory anyway flees from the pontoon as he has questions with regards to whether France is tantamount to they anticipated. He returns to Dakar where he believes he has a place and back with his way of life. There is likewise the part of nature versus the obscure. Mory and Anta see their way of life as in reverse and their way of life as troublesome. They would prefer to go to France, a new land with the expectation of a superior life. Mory in any case, chooses not to go to an obscure land and would prefer to stay with his kin regardless of how hard life is. Characteristic strain is likewise obvious in the parts of reality versus perfect world. Mory and Anta are fixated on going to Paris as it is seen as a perfect spot where they would get all that they required however truly not every one of the individuals who arrive truly get to their fantasies (Adesokan 65-67). Works Cited Adesokan, Akin. Postcolonial Artists and Global Esthetics. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2011.Print. Uk adike, Frank. Dark African Cinema. California: University of California Press, 2004.Print. This paper on Touki Bouki Film Analysis was composed and put together by client Marissa Mays to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Relations between Knowledge and Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Relations among Knowledge and Reality - Essay Example Thoughts regarding connections are unquestionably evolved and anticipated based on the conditions they satisfy. In this way, the connections and their ideas are reliant of the exhibitions they make. The creator additionally insinuates different types of ideas depicted by Locke, which incorporate activity ideas, physical ideas and good ideas (106-107). Locke has likewise settled the examples of relations, where he pronounces circumstances and logical results as the most significant one in this respects. He has likewise indicated the connection between different thoughts based on the ideas set up. He called connection among thought and thing as the genuine presence. (110) Locke has introduced various sorts of concurrences on observation about thoughts, where he means to see information as boundless in nature and degree, however information on conjunction is thin and constrained one. Consequently, Locke declares the presence of information based on impression of understanding or contrad iction between thoughts, without contemplating the very contrast in seeing the equivalent. (117) Locke, Law and Law of Nature Rogers (1999) has recognized the good and regular law depicted and talked about by John Locke in his way of thinking. Moral law, as per Rogers, appreciates the focal spot in Locke’s political compositions (Atherton, 1999:47), which can likewise be seen in relationship with his sentiment about logical developments and progressions. It is incompletely because of the very reality that logical revelations are likewise the result of the scientists’ interest for investigating the innumerable marvels of nature with the assistance of perception and experimental estimation. Thus, God and the universe from one viewpoint, and regular law and logical revelations are interrelated by Locke (48-49). The individuals’ exercises likewise reflect common laws, and parents’ warmth for kids is characteristic, while their scorn for youngsters looks unnat ural and bewildering act. Subsequently, common law lays worry upon ethical quality for the people (51), and repeats after applying best of resources and abilities while playing out a demonstration or commitment. Locke has likewise looked for motivation from the Newton’s law of gravity that each object of nature acts as indicated by the orders of common law, and deviation from the equivalent could welcome issue and mayhem afterward. It is along these lines Locke, in his Essay, searches for looking for information about the laws of universe so as to investigate the real factors existing all around people. (53-54) Rogers likewise refers to Locke’s models with respect to the effects of different items on others, where the response of various articles is practically same, as hemlock ends the life of the individual devouring the equivalent. Locke has additionally investigated connection between the law of nature and the laws of nature, where law of nature distinguishes the p resence of God, His laws and the elements to comply with the equivalent, and laws of nature rehash their course so as to actualize the law of nature. Moral Weakness by Spinoza Harris (1973) has explained Spinoza’s tenet of good shortcoming by making its examination with the decency hypothesis verbalized by prestigious Greek rationalist Plato.â

Return of the Jedi by George Lucas

Return of the Jedi by George Lucas Patrick RonanMay 14, 2014Steven SaccoSalvation HistoryStar Wars: Apocalyptic DaysConsidered to be one of the best film adventures ever, Star Wars isn't without a lot of correlations with prophetically catastrophic writing. Regardless of whether George Lucas purposefully put these in here or not, they are there. While there are numerous instances of it, the three major ones happen toward the start, center, and the finish of the film. In any case, these prophetically calamitous topics are not associated with each other to frame a major picture. Be that as it may, every one of them shows an association between Star Wars and whole-world destroying literature.The starting one is a line all of you know. A Long Time Ago in a Galaxy Far Away. This is the first included in light of the fact that it is a chronicled statement and everybody knows it. The manner in which this identifies with prophetically calamitous writing is that it says that the film is written by and large; despite the fact t hat the innovation is too exceptional to even consider taking spot in the past.A representation of George Lucas, Pasadena, California, ...Another explanation regarding how it identifies with whole-world destroying writing is that says in a Galaxy Far Away, which could mean a heavenly level; or in layman's terms, a genuine fight. The following relationship is somewhat less truly known, the part where the coalition is caught between the Death Star and Star Destroyers.This connection is about the prophetically catastrophic topics of when the renegades are caught. This is a significant piece of prophetically calamitous subjects due to two reasons. One, it show that they have to battle, despite the fact that many will bite the dust, and that there will be trust a while later; this is appeared by how the constrained field around the Death Star is deactivated after around 15 film minutes of being devastated. The subsequent explanation is it is a...

Racism and Perspective in Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry - Literature Essay Samples

Mildred Taylor’s novel, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, depicts the life of a young African American girl, Cassie, and her family living within a racist system. Readers experience the hardships that the Logan family face through the eyes of the only daughter, Cassie. Cassie and her brother Little Man are the two youngest in the novel. They both experience almost the same racist encounters, to which they both react to differently, showing that the injustices of racism can most be understood in terms of the personalities of those harmed by discrimination. From the early beginning of Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, discover the headstrong attitude and personality of Cassie. Cassie is a determined girl, delighting in â€Å"well-maneuvered revenge (56)†, stating that if anyone were to mess with her, she would â€Å"knock [his] block off. (16)† She is strong-willed, not letting people step over her easily. On the first day of school, Cassie is annoyed by the nice Sunday attire her mother forces her to wear, knowing that it’ll only be dirty by the time she comes home. It was pointless, â€Å"Sunday clothing was asking too much† (4). She was imprisoned in â€Å"the high collar of the Sunday dress† (4). She was trapped; it did not allow her to move as she wished. This was not Cassie’s first year back at school; she had already experienced that hardships of simply walking to school. It wasn’t that it was a long walk, not that they didn’t have a bus to ride, but that the other young white k ids her age found delight in watching her and her brother’s clothes become stained and destroyed by the mud that their bus caused. This upset Cassie. She may understand that life was not fair as she was a different colour than the whites, but she did not like it at all. When Cassie finally got to school, she had to watch her youngest brother become enraged with the treatment he was already receiving. After what was supposed to be an exciting announcement, receiving new books for the school year, Little Man explodes in fury. Cassie realises that the inside cover of the book marks the current nigra condition as very poor. Unlike Little Man, who was about to be whipped for his bold disobedience, Cassie tries to show Miss Crocker why he was upset, hoping to alleviate the situation. She tells her â€Å"they give us these ole books when they didn’t want them no more† (26). She seems to be more emotional and upset by this, â€Å"s-see what they called us† showing Miss Crocker the hurtful words in the book (26). She receives no consolation whatsoever from her teacher, rather a reaffirmation of the text, â€Å"that’s what you are† and is instructed to sit down. Cassie, though still bold and strong-willed, lets the initial s ituation go, but she always finds a way to get back at the other person. Although she does not let out a loud outrage, she too is hurt by the discrimination. Cassie’s youngest brother, the youngest of the Logan family, Little Man, experiences racism for the first time in the opening of the novel. For his first day of school, Ma dressed him in his Sunday’s best clothes, which he â€Å"never allowed dirt or tears to stain or mar† (4). He walks slow, wanting to ensure the cleanliness of his outfit, which only annoys Cassie. Unlike his older siblings, he has yet to experience a typical walk to school. When the children see the bus full of white children coming, all but Little-Man run for the â€Å"steep right bank into the forest† (12). The youngest boy refuses, not wanting to get his clothes dirty. His siblings demand that he joins them in the bank, as it will somewhat shield him from getting even more dirty. When sees that the bus will splash him, he â€Å"ran frantically along the road looking for a foothold, and finding one, hopped onto the bank, but not before the bus had sped past enveloping him in a scarlet haze while laughing white face pressed against the bus windows† (13). This was one of the first racial encounters that Little Man experienced. He was confused, asking Stacey where their bus was. He could immediately sense that life was unfair for them, and did not like it at all. His first day was tough; he felt that he was degraded to nothing. On that first day, Miss Crocker announced that the class would all be getting new books, exciting all of the students. Yet when Little Man received his book, he saw how torn apart and â€Å"dirty† it was (23). After politely asking for a new book, Miss Crocker reprimands him, â€Å"Dirty! And who do you think you are, Clayton Chester?† (23). She demands that he takes that book or he will not get anything at all. Settling with it, he opens the book, enraging him even more, â€Å"his eyes grew wide, and suddenly he sucked in his breath and sprang from his chair like a wounded animal, flinging the book onto the floor and stomping madly upon it† (24). Inside the book cover detailed each year’s student book report, and Little Man saw that for him, it said â€Å"nigra, very poor† (25). Little Man’s very first experiences with racism first-hand has only angered him, and has shown him how unfairly he and other African Americans have been treated. This book does not seem to favour Cassie’s reaction to racism over Little-Man’s. Both of these children are the youngest of the Logan family. The novel begins with the kids going to school, from which the few scenes above have analysed. Cassie and Little Man both have similar upset reactions when faced with harsh situations; Cassie seems to wait for later revenge, and Little Man explodes on the spot. Taylor does not explicitly state whose reaction is a better, more mature response. These are children facing harsh discrimination. They are being forced to grow and mature much faster than most children. They have to deal with unfairness every day. Taylor wants to show people how children dealt with unfair treatment; she wanted to show how hard life was for them, especially at their age during that time period.

Examples of Illustration Essay Topics

Examples of Illustration Essay TopicsAs you start to compose an illustration essay, you will need to determine a number of examples of illustration essay topics. You can decide which topics are best for your unique situation and try to capture those subjects in your illustration essay. Some topics may be more suitable than others for you, depending on the topic that you choose.The key is to find different examples of illustration essay topics that you can use in your essay. Here are some examples of illustration essay topics. They will give you ideas about what topics to include in your essay.Explain a physical object or a scene from a film, book, newspaper, or other piece of media where you have taken an interest. This type of essay will show the interest in various media. You can also draw comparisons between your interests and the subject. This type of essay will definitely get you into hot water.How would you explain this film scene or this book? You can describe the scene or the book using real life examples. There are plenty of places online where you can download examples of the type of topic you want to include in your essay. These examples can be used for research purposes. You can use the examples as starting points, or you can use them to make a final outline for your essay.You can include illustrations in your essay to show how the image stands for something. For example, the above examples can be used as a basis for your essay. Just think about why it would be important to show how the illustration stands for something. You can also include a quote from the illustration to create an anecdote about how the illustration might relate to the topic at hand. Illustrations are great for this type of essay.Describe how the illustrationsstand for the things you are discussing. You can also tell the story behind the drawing related to the topic. It is a lot easier to explain the image or drawing to someone who has already read your essay.There are plenty of examples of illustration essay topics that you can use for your writing. Just remember to make sure that you find something that can be useful to you. Your illustration should be something that you can relate to or connect to in your essay.

Organizational Behavior and Its Key Concepts - 1130 Words

Organization Behavior and its Key Concepts To understand organizational behavior you must understand its key concepts and terminology. Organizational behavior â€Å"is a multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes and organizational dynamics.† (Schermerhorn, 2005 p. 3). An organization’s behavior is significant in determining its success as a business and with its employees. Working conditions, production and employee performance are all elements of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior has become an important element in the realignment taking place within Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA). GSUSA is in the midst of a major realignment†¦show more content†¦295). Many problems or malfunctions within an organization are initially caused by poor communication. Somehow the intended message gets interrupted or misinterpreted. The use of active listening and allowing opportunities for feedback will ensure messages are understood. For communication to be effective it must be a two way process. When preparing for the realignment GSUSA was aware that the major changes they planned to implement would require frequent and thoughtful communication. With a drastic change some confusion, disagreement, and misunderstanding is inevitable. GSUSA had to do their best to anticipate questions and concerns and have a plan to deal with them. They developed a system that provided a variety of communication pathways. Regular email messages, an online newsletter, town hall meetings, departmental meetings, and press releases were among some of the pathways they used. Council CEOs, COOs, and department heads were always available for face to face meetings. In addition to the variety of communication pathways offered, feedback was solicited and encouraged in all forums. The care in planning a strong communication system and being open to feedback eased the inevitable negativity and resistance that surrounds a large restructuring. Clear and open communication will be the first step toward developing a more effective and efficient organization. An organization’s effectiveness and efficiency are determined by sustainedShow MoreRelatedThe Business Management Academic Discipline1216 Words   |  5 Pagesteaching case will be focused within the business management academic discipline. Teaching Topic Area The teaching case will be concentrated in the area of organizational behavior and will examine the employee interactions with the company’s business environment. It will address the organizational change component within the organizational development (OD). More specifically, it will evaluate this construct from the context of a proactive component. Class / Target Audience The teaching case willRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts1024 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior of employees within any organization is paramount to the success or failure of that organization. The study of organizational behavior is a science with its own vocabulary and terminology. This essay will describe some of the more common key concepts and terminology and relate those to the modern United States Navy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"An organization is, simply, a body of people organized for some specific purpose† (communication, 2005)Read More Organizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding organizational behavior is important for everyone involved in an organization, not just the leadership and management teams. By gaining and understanding this knowledge each employee should be able to realize how their individual actions contribute to the big picture of the company. In order to understand this there are some key concepts and terminology that must be explained to make the learning process more manageable. Organizational Behavior What is organizational behavior? AccordingRead MoreOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding Organizational Culture as it relates to corporate business. Peters and Waterman (1982) book, In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best Run Companies, became the blueprint for organizational success. With the paradigm shift of hospitals becoming more â€Å"business- like† through mergers, acquisition, and pay for performance, organizational culture in a hospital setting will need to be furthered analyzed and defined as a predicator of success. Purpose of the Concept Analysis Concept analysisRead MoreDecentralised Energy System Case Study746 Words   |  3 Pagesaccomplishment of DE systems could also improve the social and governance reimbursement. Answer 3 The human resource attributes constitute a factor that significantly distinguishes one company from another. It is a key element in achieving the goals of a company. Human capital is the key to organizational success. These authors add that the quality of human resources is becoming one of the most important aspects that provide staff enthusiasm, and impulse to achieve the organization objectives with the highestRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines organizational behavior. Organizational behavior can help organizations expand, communicate, learn, and develop for better performance in the competitive, vibrant, and ever changing economy we all live in. It is important for organizations to learn the different behaviors, cultures, diversity, communications, effectiveness, and the learning styles that make up the organization and its environment. This paper will define and explain the terminology and concepts of organization behavior throughRead MoreThe Leader s Ethical Values Influence Leadership Style Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagescontrolling their behaviors, rewarding agreed-upon behaviors, and eliminating performance problems by using corrective transactions between leader and followers. On the other hand, transformational leaders influence their followers by developing and communicating a collective vision and inspiring them to look beyond self-interests for the good of the team and the organization. The model of transformational leadership includes five leadership dimensions: idealized attributes, idealized behaviors, inspirationalRead MoreOrganizational Theory and The Heart of Change Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages The book The Heart of Change shows the practical side of the theories that are taught in the course textbook. It presents stories of successes and failures based in the application of concepts discussed in Organizational Behavior and Management and in class. Although we talked about several different concepts the ones that are evident in the examples in The Heart Of Change are the more progressive and individual centered approaches. The leadership characteristics that are important to successfulRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change and

Staging of Artificial Seawater Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Hodges Carl an environmental scientist at the Arizona University pioneered massive artificial water. According to Hodges setting up seawater that is artificial in which primarily, seawater is channeled to canals in the coastal region it vital in arid areas. Under the seawater in the scheme, water is flown into the shrimp's farms after which its nutrients are loaded and directed to the wetlands from the farms with Salicornia mangrove forest. Salicornia is a plant that grows in a salty place, which is advantageous in a manner that it does not absorb the nutrients required for the agricultural products. Here, water is filtered naturally, as it returns to the sea. It is vital to note that heavy seawater aids in raising the table of the freshwater. One of the advantages of the system, global warming is the compartment of the production of carbon dioxide and further sucking of the canals and plants. The above drains water from the sea and oceans making the sea levels rise. The system ab ove is functional in Kino Bay in the Mexican desert on the western side of California. We will write a custom essay sample on Staging of Artificial Seawater or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Again, the regulation depends on the type of crop grown. For instance, those who plant rice are given upper in the water supply. Having put that across, it is pertinent to note that the quantity of water for artificial water supply is more the same as pump irrigation. Here, it is recommended that in a dry climate, the ration should be 1000 or more if evaporation is highly demanded.

Airline Ticket Prices - 899 Words

Airline Ticket Prices Jodie L. Hebner Grantham University An airline’s ticket price is determined by several factors to include time of day a consumer wishes to travel, day of the week such as Tuesday’s and Thursday’s are usually the most affordable days to travel, popular versus non-popular destinations, first class costs more than general class, cost of fuel, competition from other airlines, special factors such as discounts for military, government or corporate personnel, (How Stuff Works, n.d.) Airlines are constantly analyzing how much consumers are willing to pay and pushing consumers to pay more. Airlines have used numerous models and computer programs to manage revenue throughout time. These models and computer programs have†¦show more content†¦Airlines must be able to make a profit when setting ticket prices. â€Å"By comparing the demand curve with the average total cost curves for each airplane type, the airline can determine which size airplane will maximize profits for a given flight.† (Kons, n.d.) In summary, as with any product, from airline tickets to gasoline prices â€Å"consumers have continued to pay the increased fares, so the airlines have become bolder in driving the prices up even further.† (Smith, CNNMoney, 2011) Consumers, their desire, need and want for an item or service will always affect supply, demand, and cost curve. Most organizations have the same goal, which is to make a profit while keeping their costumers happy. References: Consumerism (2011, March 4). Supply and Demand Goes Both Ways - Beating Broke | Beating Broke. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://www.beatingbroke.com/supply-and-demand-goes-both-ways/ How Stuff Works (n.d.). HowStuffWorks How Airlines Work. Retrieved May 14, 2013, from http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/airline4.htm Kons, A. (n.d.). Understanding the Chaos of Airline Pricing. The Park Place Economist, 8, 15-29. Retrieved from http://www.iwu.edu/economics/PPE08/alex.pdf McCartney, S. (2010). Decoding Airline Ticket Costs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.etopaz.com/news/3/57/Decoding-Airline-Ticket-Costs-WJS-com NBC News (2008, May 8). Inside the mysteries of airline fares -Show MoreRelatedSupply And Demand Effect On Airline Ticket Prices1809 Words   |  8 PagesSupply and Demand effect on Airline Ticket Prices Intro: Overview of the effects upon Airline Ticket Prices as explained by Granados, Gupta and Kauffman, (2012) and Llach, Marimon, del Mar Alonso-Almeida and Bernardo, (2013). 1. What causes massive price changes? a. Seasonal Travel The season that people choose to travel affects the prices of the tickets. Also called the seasonality, it affects the cost structure of most ticket prices in the world. Most of the airline companies have different seasonsRead MoreAirline Ticket Prices Is The Foundation Of All Economic Ventures Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesand demand, together, are the foundation of all economic ventures. Airline ticket prices are determined by the demand for travelers and the marginal cost of filling the seats; thus generating supply. The interception of supply and demand is where business is generated. This interception of the airlines pricing curves is indicated at their equilibrium point – where there’s neither a surplus nor a shortage. Why can an airline ticket from Casper, Wyoming to Denver, Colorado, and from Denver, ColoradoRead MoreReview on Airline Reservation Systems1606 Words   |  7 PagesOriginally designed and operated by airlines, CRSes were later extended for the us e of travel agencies. Major CRS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as global distribution systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSes typically allow users to book hotel rooms and rental cars as well as airline tickets. They also provide access to railwayRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Information System1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook airlines tickets on 24 hours, it can increase the bookings while the employees are not in front of the computers and reduce the complaint from customers. Air Asia is providing two different ways for customers to book the ticket. One way is for customers only book the airlines ticket while another way is give customers to book airlines ticket and hotels. If customers book airlines ticket with hotel it is cheaper than only book airlines ticket. So, most customers will choose book airlines ticketRead MoreCase Study Frequent Fliers Essay592 Words   |  3 Pages 5. Describe the Fraudulent activity. Marcus Lane, who bought two different air lines tickets for two different prices. On with high price departure at 6:15 p.m. and another on for low price departure at 6:15 a.m. he return the airline tickets with the high price and kept the one with low price, but when it is time to reimbursement he decided to give the company a copy from flight that has a higher price that had been indicated a departure time of 6:15 p.m. for the flight number 4578, but theRead MoreRecommendations for a Travel Agency3842 Words   |  16 PagesDEFINITELY, Spain and Portugal TENTATIVE (Observe if they catch the clue) Need to make it special (Observe if they catch the clue) Add ODD destinations: Red Sea Coast, Sakkarah, Siwa Oasis Ask specifically about VISA, Money, Veg Food, Travel within Egypt, Airlines, 5* Hotel Rate the experience with people on a scale of 1-5 in the competency model excel sheet Based on weighted score, get a consolidated score for each travel company under each competency Draw corre lation conclusion between actual company performanceRead MorePriceline Or Priceline.com ( Pcln )825 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Priceline or Priceline.com (PCLN) is a travel agency that offers cruises, hotel rooms, airline tickets, vacation packages, excursions and rental cars. The company s Name Your Own Price option offers its customers an incredible proposition by allowing them to name their own price for any travel related products or services. Priceline.com determines the lowest price it can accept, while the customer has the discretion in the supplier selection. Priceline.com also provides a brandRead MoreBusiness Information System Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesDescription of the Information System Title Online Airplane Ticket Reservation Information System (OATRIS) General Description OATRIS is the system that help user to buy airplane ticket through Internet. It processes user’s preferred flight timeline and the payment. Then, transform it into e-ticket. Users and Functions Customer: * Input desired destination and the timeline * Check the flight availability * Choose the flight price and the payment method * Decide and make the payment Read MoreEssay 2: Explaining a Concept; Draft 11057 Words   |  5 PagesGomez Professor Slusser English 101 February 27, 2012 A Guide for the Ultimate Vacation We’ve all dreamt about our favorite getaway vacation at the ultimately lowest price possible, but have we ever achieved it The next couple of paragraphs will give you some insight as to how to get the best vacation possible at the lowest price. The first step is choosing your destination. Choosing your destination might not be a big deal if you already have your mind set on where you would like to go. If youRead MoreE Commerce. Impact of Internet for the airline industry.4092 Words   |  17 Pagesfor travel transactions. Airlines are turning to e-commerce to keep business flying, and the reason they are focusing on selling tickets through their Web sites is that it is the cheapest distribution channel. From the customers perspectives, Internet have revolutioned the way of buying flight ticket. Customers can now purchase their tickets directly from the airlines via the Internet using intermediaries and/or cybermediaries in order to find the possible cheapest ticket. Moreover, online discount

Effects Of Lithium And Lamotrigine On Pregnant Bipolar Women

The Effects of Lithium and Lamotrigine on Pregnant Bipolar Women By: Jennifer Saebom Choe Introduction to Bipolar Disorder (BP) Bipolar disorder (BD) or manic depression is a mental disorder that affects roughly 1-2% of the population. It is marked by severe mood swings between depression and mania, periods of great delusions and overactivity. It is often treated with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and antidepressants, and sometimes benzodiazepines. Of the medications, lithium and lamotrigine are two medications of interest due to their long history of treatment. In the following, we will explore the effects of lithium and lamotrigine (LTG) on pregnant bipolar women. Lithium and Lamotrigine (LTG) First of all, lithium, or lithium carbonate, is a very effective mood stabilizer (a medication that treats moods extending days to weeks, not moments) first approved by the FDA in the 1970’s. (Google) It was the first mood stabilizer which treated both manic and depressive episodes. Other mood stabilizers include anticonvulsants, medications originally developed to treat seizures (NIMH). This includes LTG. Mood stabilizers vary in their anti-manic and antidepressant effects. Lithium is more effective in treating mania. Lamotrigine is more useful for depressive symptoms. Both medications are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the prophylactic (preventing disease) treatment of BD, and lamotrigine may be especially effective in rapid-cycling BD. (Merriam Webster,Show MoreRelatedThe Mental Status of a Mother While She Is Pregnant1183 Words   |  5 PagesPREGNANCY AND PSYCHIATRY Introduction: The mental status of the mother while she is pregnant and while she is postpartum is very important for the welfare of both child and the mother. In this chapter we tend to discuss different psychiatric problems that mothers encounter during pregnancy and after delivery of the child. In the second part we tend to list various psychotropic medications that can lead to fetal harm. Diseases POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS Postpartum psychosis (or puerperal psychosis) is definedRead MorePsychiatrists and Special Population Essay3236 Words   |  13 Pagesdeviation from the normal physiological process of the body and renders the group vulnerable to adverse drug effect. Therefore it is crucial for the clinicians to have fair knowledge about appropriate medication selection and dosing while treating these special populations. Psychiatric illness during pregnancy is not an uncommon scenario. A large meta-analysis reported that up to 18% of women experience depressed mood during pregnancy with nearly 13% having an episode that would meet the DiagnosticRead MoreTypes of Treatment for Bipolar Disorder1874 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic depression in laymans terms, is basically a psychiatric condition in which an individual suffers extreme mood swings, ranging from a highly elevated mood (Johnson, 2005) to low levels of depression (Motovsky Pecenak, 2013). These shifts in mood result in changes in behavior and thinking of the affected individuals. However, the condition only affects the person mentally. Bipolar disorders in patients are hard to identify initially as they canRead MoreBipolar Depression : Depression And Depression1408 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar depression is also called Manic depression and is characterized by severe shifts in a person’s mood, thoughts, energy and behavior – this includes the high of a manic state down to the low of a depressive state. It is an ever revolving cycle that may last from days to months. These mood swings are different from normal hormonal mood fluctuations because they impact a person’s ability to function from day to day. During manic episodes, the person feels the need to participate in adrenalineRead MoreA Polar Disorder Is A Serious Mental Affliction2016 Words   |  9 PagesMost doctors prescribe mood stabilizers, atypical anti-psychotics, and antidepressants. Amongst the most popular is Lithium, a mood stabilizer. If a patient is prescribed this, they must be continuously monitored. This includes regularly scheduled blood tests and possibly the patient keeping a daily log of their symptoms and side affects to see if any change occurs because lithium can cause kidney and thyroid complications as well as more restlessness, digestion problems, and cotton mouth. OtherRead MoreThe Effects Of Neurotransmitters On The Brain3080 Words   |  13 PagesExperts believe bipolar disorder is caused by an underlying problem with specific brain circuits and the balance of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters (WebMD). There are five brain chemicals noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin, and endorphin. Noradrenaline and serotonin are the most common chemicals linked to psychiatric mood disorders such as depression and bipolar (WebMD). Dopamine is linked to the pleasure system in the brain (WebMD). When a disruption happensRead MoreBipolar Disorder: A Research3143 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Bipolar Disorder: Introduction Bipolar disorder is a disorder of the brain and is also called manic-depressive illness. Due to this disorder, the affected individual experiences abnormal mood shifts, unusual levels of energy and activities and atypical ability to perform tasks of daily life. As far as symptoms of bipolar disorder are concerned, they are rather severe in nature. They are not like the usual ups and downs experienced by people once in a while. Bipolar disorder has been found to causeRead More Bipolar Disorder Essay2622 Words   |  11 Pagesthe next with regularity. This personality disorder is known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is the condition in which one’s mood switches from periods of extreme highs known as manias to periods of extreme lows known as depression. The name bipolar comes from the root words bi (meaning two) and polar (meaning opposite) (Peacock, 2000). Though often bipolar disorder is developed in a person’s late teens to early adulthood; bipolar disorder’s early symptoms can sometimes be found in young children

Corporal Punishment free essay sample

In some parts of the world, corporal punishment is still legal in some of school; including 20 of the States of the USA, but has been outlawed in other places, including Canada, Kenya, Japan, South Africa, New Zealand, and nearly all of Europe except the Czech Republic and France. As the creator of the future inhabitants of the earth, it is important for the teacher and parents to make sure that their students or children adopt the proper values and are set on the right path. However, sometimes the methods that they use to get their purpose – make disciplinary – is can be quite harrowing. For instance, take corporal punishment. However, corporal punishment is not good for students in some reason. First, corporal punishment will influence student’s academic. Teacher very determining student’s academic. That is why teachers should be ‘friend’ who will be nice to them and be ‘parents’ who will teaches any lesson to them. I feel that such practices simply augment to rebellious, aggressive, and antisocial behavior. The authors to â€Å"Is Corporal Punishment an effective means of discipline† (2002), an article in the American Psychological Association corporal punishment state that corporal punishment can in fact build up antisocial behavior in children such as emotional and physical problems. In addition, the authors state that brutalizing children can lower their self-esteem and teaching them poor self-control can lead them into unsatisfying relationships with others. Furthermore, â€Å"Is Corporal Punishment an effective means of discipline† (2002), states that corporal punishment can cause children to become brutalizing adults. Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff, of the National Center for Children in Poverty at Columbia University, observed both positive and negative behaviors of children who were associated with corporal punishment. In her studies, Gershoff found that ten of the associations increased children’s aggression, antisocial, as well as criminal behavior ( 2002). In addition, I feel that corporal punishment within the school system is unacceptable. † Corporal Punishment: Teaching Violence Through violence† (2002), an article in the Education World, states that teachers are enforcing corporal punishment for all the wrong reason such as being unorganized with homework assignments as well as school supplies. The authors say that corporal punishment within the school system may be capable of adding to a child’s aggressive behavior that may later turn into criminal. â€Å"Virginia Tech students mourn the victims at a candlelight vigil! †(2008) an article in School violence in The United States, says that corporal punishment can fact turn into criminal acts such as in the 1995 in Giles County, Tennessee case. â€Å"Virginia Tech students mourn the victims at a candlelight vigil! †(2008), says that corporal punishment led 17-year old Jamie Rouse to do a school shooting. In the act he shot two teachers in the head and a student attempting to shoot a football coach who imposed corporal punishment. Jamie Rouse had warned several classmates as well as teachers of his act, yet no one believed him. I feel that extreme corporal punishment caused Jamie Rouse to commit this act of violence. Furthermore, I feel that this act of violence could have been prevented if caretakers would have listened to him. Corporal punishment can not only cause antisocial, and criminal behavior, it can escalate to child abuse as well. Laurie A Couture, the author of â€Å"Abolishing Corporal Punishment of Children† (1999), says that caretakers frequently turn corporal punishment into child abuse without becoming conscious of it. Couture (1999), says caretakers often enforce corporal punishment by spanking, smacking or taking bathroom privileges which can be inhumane and degrading to children. In addition, caretakers often feel that corporal punishment is their last option of discipline which causes them to use extreme measures of corporal punishment that can lead to child abuse. To defend their actions, caretakers argue that they never intended to cause any harm by putting corporal punishment into effect. They assume corporal punishment will not be harmful to children as it didn’t them any harm as a child. Couture (1999), says parents are not familiar with the fact that a spank to the buttocks of children can cause children to become sexually aroused as the sciatic nerve runs from the buttocks to the genitals. This sort of corporal punishment can be considered child abuse if the spanking reaches extreme measures. As caretakers have several arguments in favor of corporal punishment, I strongly oppose it for numerous reasons. I feel that corporal punishment can lead to child abuse with out caretakers being aware of it. Moreover, I feel that corporal punishment is being taken advantage of as numerous caretakers attempt to defend their corrective actions by claiming they were practicing corporal punishment. I feel that caretakers can impose healthier discipline techniques that do not engage corporal punishment such as the proposed by Couture (1999). Couture (1999), says that caretakers can practice positive consistent discipline that is non-punitive, develop a respectful relationship with their children as well as maintaining the lines of communication open by communicating with children. School systems can develop discipline plans that are positive and based on systems of logical consequences and restitution. I feel that as a society, we can help abolish corporal punishment in different ways. We can develop better ways to discipline children.

Evidence Intoxication Australian Criminal -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Evidence Intoxication Australian Criminal? Answer: Introducation According to the provisions of Section 8 of the Drugs Misuse Act 1986 (QLD), producing dangerous drugs like drying out cannabis and its preparation. Therefore in the present case study, Alfred shall be faced with the charges of producing dangerous prohibited substances. Similarly according to the provisions of Section 9 of the Drugs Misuse Act 1986 (QLD)[1] a person who is in possession of drugs shall be charged guilty of possessing dangerous prohibited substances. In the present case study, Alfred will face charges of possessing dangerous prohibited substances. The onus of proof lies on the plaintiff. Therefore in this case the burden of proof lies on the prosecution. In this case Alfred can raise various arguments in his defence. Possession of a prohibited substance requires the knowledge of the item concerned and in control. In this case Alfred could state that he was not aware of the harmful consequences of the substance however he can also state that the possession of such drug was innocent according to the provisions of 121(1) of the Drugs Misuse Act 1986 (QLD). It can be stated that cannabis used for medicinal reasons remains prohibited. Therefore in the present case Alfred do not have any option to ask the Court to exclude any of the evidences obtained by the police. Peter shall also be charged guilty as he was aware of the activities of Alfred and helped him in setting up the lightning and plumbing. According to the provisions of Section 6 of the Drugs Misuse Act 1986 (QLD)[2] supplying of dangerous drugs is considered to be an offence. Therefore in the present case study Gary not only produced but also supplied cannabis to Alfred for which he shall be charged of guilty. The federal legislations and NSW can be used in order to seize assets or properties that have been obtained through serious offences involving drugs. According to Confiscation of Proceeds of Crime Act 1989 (NSW) such confiscation laws do not apply in case of minor drug offences like possession and small scale dealings. Therefore in the present case study the house of Alfred and Gary cannot be seized as tainted property Elements of offence of Ongoing Supply: Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act was implemented in 1985 with an object to stop the cultivation, manufacture and possession of drugs or narcotic substances[3]. If any person has caught to transport the prohibited drugs on an ongoing basis, he will be liable under section 25A of the Act. The main elements of the offence can be categorised as under: The individual must be supplied or taken active part in supply; The supplying goods must be prohibited drugs; Any person has let any premises out for storing the prohibited drugs. Significant discretion given by section 25A to police: The discretionary powers given by section 25A of the Act to the police officers to deal with the youth offender that can be classified as under: Police officer may stop taking any action; He may give informal warning; Police may involve the parents; Police can arrest the offender and release them without imposing any charge; Police may impose charge on the offender but can release them on the basis of appearance notice or summon. Circumstantial evidence to support prosecution for supply charge: The term circumstantial evidence means a process where certain facts are needed to prove for solving the other events and cause a reasonable inference of the fact at issue. These evidences are not direct in nature but help to come into the conclusion. Forensic reports, fingerprints, involvement of large amount of money and possession of drugs are certain examples of circumstantial evidences[4]. The courtroom processes are followed in a court case. If the offender or the individual against whom the allegation has been made pleaded not guilty, the proceeding will be divided into prosecution and defence where the prosecuting parties will try to prove the truthfulness of the allegations made against the individual. The prosecution can prove the allegations by taking the help of direct and the circumstantial evidences as well. The circumstantial evidences can be as follows: Whether any drugs has been rescued from the custody of the offender or not; Whether there are any fingerprints found at the place of crime or on the objects or not; Whether the forensic report supports the presence of the individual or not. Whether there is any witness who saw the individual to be present in the area of trafficking or crime spot. Drug possession: In Australia, use, possession, cultivation or trafficking drugs are considered as offence. The drugs must be prohibited in nature. The most common prohibited drugs are marijuana, heroin, cocaine, LSD and MDMA[5]. In Australia, import and export of drugs or narcotic substances are also treated illegal. Under Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act, it has been held that a person will be held responsible under the Acts in case any drugs can be rescued from his possession. However, if the police officer found that the person, who possessed the drugs, has no control over it and some third party is controlling them, that third party will be held liable. In Solway v R[6] it has been decided that knowledge regarding the possession of drugs is not enough, the occupier must have certain control over the drugs. Penalties: In case of any minor, the maximum punishment is $5500 and imprisonment up to two years. In case of controlling heroin, the offender will get life imprisonment and non-specified fine. In case of possessing or controlling amphetamine or cannabis, the offender will get prison for maximum 14 years or unlimited fine. Manslaughter caused by prohibited drugs: When a person kills other without any intention to kill, the process will be regarded as manslaughter. If a person supplied drugs to other and that other person died due to excessive intake of drugs, there is no option to punish the dealer or supplier for murder[7]. However, manslaughter can be charged against him. In Burns v The Queen[8] it has been observed that if a person dies for drug overdose, the dealer will be convicted under the charge of manslaughter. There are four types of manslaughter under the law such as manslaughter by: Criminal negligence; Omission; Excessive self defence; Unlawful and dangerous acts[9]. However, in case of holding the dealer liable for manslaughter, the prosecution had to prove the conducts of the dealer was substantial in nature. This principle was established in the case of R v Kennedy no. 2[10]. Prohibited drugs in residential premises: In New South Wales, the matters regarding drugs are governed by Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW). However, there are several grounds found under the law. If the owner of the premises allows keeping or storing the drugs in his premises, he will be punished for illegally supply or manufacture the prohibited drugs and will be charged for commercial cultivation of the drugs. However, if the investigating officers found that the owner of the premises does not know about the fact that drug has been kept or stored in his premises and in case the investigating officers came to know that the owner has no control over the drugs, the owner will not held liable for occupying prohibited drugs[11]. However, premises mean any structure, vessels, vehicles or place. The law of presumption of having control over the drugs is same in New South Wales and Queensland, but in this case the defendant should have to prove his innocence. On the other hand, maximum imprisonment for occupying prohibited drugs is 2 years or 20 penalties unit. The punishment criteria in Queensland are much tougher compare to NSW. The maximum penalties are 25 years. Difference between drug equipments in NSW and QLD: In Queens Land, maximum penalties for occupying drug related things are 15 years of imprisonment. This rule has been prescribed under section 10 (1) of the Drugs Misuse Act. Apart from that, occupying needle or syringe is also an offence and the punishment for the same is 2 years in QLD. On the other hand, in NSW, the maximum penalty for using bongs, water pipes, and hookah is 2 years imprisonment and fine up to $2000[12]. However, imposition of fine is optional. Effect of the deeming provision and how the issue is dealt with QLD: According to the provisions of Section 331 it is a separate offence of supplying an individual with a controlled drug and at the same time it is considered to be illegal to supply someone with cannabis. However in such cases the penalty is less than those fortrafficking or sale. In these cases if such amount is over the deeming provision, then the burden of proof lies upon the person who was charged guilty as those persons have been presumed to be selling those prohibited substance. According to the provisions of the Drugs Misuse Act 1986(QLD), Section 5 deals with the trafficking of dangerous drugs while Section 9 deals with the possession of dangerous drugs[13]. According to the provisions of Section 5 of the Drugs Misuse Act 1986, an individual who is involved in unlawful trafficking of dangerous drugs is punishable up to 20 to 25 years of imprisonment[14]. However in case of possession of drugs according to the provisions of Section 9, possession can be actual or constructive. Possession of prohibited substance requires knowledge of the item concerned. However there is no defense in case of an individual who has forgotten that they were in possession of the drugs concerned. It was held in Williams v The Queen[15]that it is not possible to posses smaller quantities of drugs. However in some cases the circumstances may allow an intervention of possession of large quantities of drugs. The s89A Evidence Act NSW has altered the pre-existing laws related to the right to silence in NSW: In March 2013 TheEvidence Amendment (Evidence of Silence) Act 2013 (NSW)passed in amended theEvidence Act 1995 (NSW)modifying the right to silence. By introducing a new section 89A into the Evidence Act of 1995 it will allow the suspect to be cautioned although they might have the right to remain silent[16]. It has been stated that it may harm the defence if an individual fails to mention something at the right moment that relying later on trial. However previously in the Act there was no adverse interference that could be drawn from the suspects exercise of the right to remain silence in certain cases. Possession and sharing of prohibited drugs and their charges along with reforms in the area of law: Possession of prohibited drugs in an offence as stated under the provisions of Section 10 of the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985(NSW)[17]. However in case of a group of young individuals caught with some prohibited drugs in their possession in NSW the police is at the authority to enquire into the matter. The individuals can be charged for the offence of possessing prohibited drugs with prior knowledge about the type of the drugs along with an intention to consume it. Then in such cases according to the provisions of Section 10 of the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985(NSW) will be charged guilty and shall be amounted to 20 to 25 years of imprisonment. In Clare v The Queen[18] it was held that it provides sufficient reason for a person to b proved guilty if he knows the existence of the item. It can be stated that in such area of law reforms should be made by the appropriate authority by providing the suspect reasonable time to be heard and producing relevant documents in order to prove their innocence. Controversies and risks associated with police involvement in drug crimes as a method of investigation and enforcement: In recent trends drugs offences have been addressed as crimes without victims. However despite repeated public supports in keeping drugs illegal the involvement of police in such drug crimes created certain controversies. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in improving the relationships of police communities. In the present world the major problem creating controversy between the police and the community involves the risks associated with present day crime. However this can be considered as an age-old problem about which the common people became aware of in recent world. In some cases the person suspected is convicted without giving him reasonable chance to justify and present relevant documents in support of his statements. According to Section 179 of the Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 (QLD) there develops no criminal liability for acts which are in accordance with the approval given for a controlled operation[19]. However provisions of Section 193(5) exempts a police officer from liability for certain other activities which has been incurred during the course of a controlled operation or activity[20]. Such activities become necessary either to take advantage of an opportunity in order to gather evidence of criminal activity or to protect the identity of an operative. Reference: Betts, Kim S., et al. "Differences in polysubstance use patterns and drug?related outcomes between people who inject drugs receiving and not receiving opioid substitution therapies."Addiction111.7 (2016): 1214-1223. Burns v The Queen [2012] HCA 35. Cairns, Rose, et al. "The impact of Australian legislative changes on synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre."International Journal of Drug Policy43 (2017): 74-82. Caitlin Hughes and others, 'Trends And Issues In Crime And Criminal Justice - Australian Threshold Quantities For 'Drug Trafficking': Are They Placing Drug Users At Risk Of Unjustified Sanction? (Humanities Social Sciences Collection) - Informit' (Search.informit.com.au,2018)https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=182594301964967;res=IELHSS accessed 18 January 2018. Clare v The Queen [1994] 2 Qd R 619. Hibbert, D. Brynn, and John Sutton. "A chemical view of analogue drug laws in Australia: what is structural similarity?."Australian journal of forensic sciences49.6 (2017): 605-625. Jason Ferris and others, 'Random Breath Testing In Queensland And Western Australia: Examination Of How The Random Breath Testing Rate Influences Alcohol Related Traffic Crash Rates' (2018). Jeremy Davey, Kerry ArmstrongPeter Martin, 'Results Of The Queensland 20072012 Roadside Drug Testing Program: The Prevalence Of Three Illicit Drugs' (2018). Jeremy Prichard and others, 'Sewage Epidemiology And Illicit Drug Research: The Development Of Ethical Research Guidelines' (2018). Lancaster, Kari, Kate Seear, and Carla Treloar. "Laws prohibiting peer distribution of injecting equipment in Australia: A critical analysis of their effects."International Journal of Drug Policy26.12 (2015): 1198-1206. 'Legal Classification Of Novel Psychoactive Substances: An International Comparison - Novel Psychoactive Substances - Chapter 1' (Sciencedirect.com, 2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124158160000018 accessed 18 January 2018. McBride, Duane C., Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath, and Curtis J. VanderWaal. "Public Policy and Illicit Drugs."Prevention, Policy, and Public Health(2016): 263. McNAMARA, L. U. K. E., et al. "Evidence of intoxication in Australian criminal courts: A complex variable with multiple effects."Monash UL Rev.43 (2017): 148. Monica J. Barratt, Jason A. FerrisAdam R. Winstock, 'Safer Scoring? Cryptomarkets, Social Supply And Drug Market Violence' (2018). Phong K. Thai and others, 'Monitoring Temporal Changes In Use Of Two Cathinones In A Large Urban Catchment In Queensland, Australia' (2018). R v Kennedy[2007] UKHL 38. Solway v R (1984) 11 A Crim R 449. Stubbs, Julie. "Murder, manslaughter and domestic violence." (2016). Williams v The Queen(1978) 140 CLR 591.

Soccer Essays - Laws Of Association Football,

Soccer Soccer is a popular sport played all over the world. Even though it has only been popular in North America for the past 30 years, soccer has been a long time favorite most everywhere else. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American countries, and of many other nations. Millions of people in more than 140 countries play soccer. The sport dates back to the Egyptians, who played games involving the kicking of a ball. Now, the sport has grown to a global pastime, including men's and women's teams, and the World Cup (which is played every four years). History and Origins Games similar to soccer were played in China as early as 400 BC. In about 200 AD the Romans played a game in which two teams tried to score by advancing a ball across a line on the field. The Romans passed the ball to one another but they never kicked it. London children in about 1100 played a form of soccer in the streets. During the 1800's the people of England played a game similar to soccer. Many rules changed and each person interpreted the rules differently. The modern version came about in the early nineteenth century, in England. It started as a game involving kicking and handing, but later this branched off into two separate sports: rugby and football (which is what the English call soccer). In 1848 a group of school representatives met at Trinity College in Cambridge and drew up the first of soccer rules. In 1863 English soccer clubs founded the Football Association. By the late 1800's soccer began to spread to the rest of the world. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913. The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been played every four years except during WWII. The North American Soccer League (NASL) was formed in 1968 and the sport began to gain popularity in the 1970's. Modern Game and Rules The modern game of soccer has a simple goal: kick or head the ball in to the goal of your opponent's team. Basically, there is also one simple rule: No one except the goalkeeper may use they're hands to play the ball. Soccer is a simplistic sport. Eleven members of each team defend their side of the field to prevent the ball from being forced into their goal, which results in a point scored by the team kicking the ball. There are only three officials involved during play: The referee, and two linesmen. The equipment used in soccer is also very simple. In addition to the field itself, all that is needed for a game is two goals (eight feet high and eight yards apart) and a ball. Each player wears hard plastic or padded shin guard, covered by long socks, for protection during play. Cleats are also worn for traction on the field. A goalie may also wear a special padded shirt, and gloves to protect his or her hands. A standard field, as regulated by the Federation International de Football Association (or FIFA), has a length between 100 and 130 yards, and a width of between 50 and 100 yards. The rules of play for soccer have deliberately been kept simple (see rules as appendix). The referee makes most of the decisions, and attempts to encourage fair play. A soccer game begins with a kickoff in the center of the field. A coin is flipped to decide which team will kickoff. The other team kicks off at the start of the second half when the teams switch sides or nets. After a team scores the other team gets to kickoff to begin again. The kickoff takes place in the middle of the field. When the ball is kicked it must travel the circumference of the ball and touch another player before the kicker can touch the ball again. After the ball is in play it remains in play unless it crosses a goal line or a touchline. All players attempt to stop the ball from coming in their zone while at the same time trying to score a goal. A player may kick the ball into the net with any part of the body except the hands and arms. If the ball goes out of bounds the play is restarted with a corner kick, a goal kick, or a throw-in. The referee decides what type to use. If the ball crosses

Sample of Sociological Essay

Sample of Sociological EssayYou must have heard the saying that in sociology, an idea is worth a thousand words. This article will try to explain what exactly this means and how you can use it to write a sample of sociological essay. Remember that one needs to write good so that he or she will be able to convince and persuade the reader.Sample of sociological essay is quite a difficult topic. This article will try to explain it briefly. In sociology, one who is not sure about his skills is advised to seek professional help. There are many books, magazines and journals which provide extensive examples about different subjects which you can use as a sample of sociological essay. They can be found in bookstores or on the internet.Sample of sociological essay can be divided into four parts namely, the theme, analysis, ideas and conclusions. You can find a variety of topics, but the most popular ones are those related to socio-economic changes, human behavior, environment and society.In w riting a sample of sociological essay, you need to understand the basics of sociological concepts such as socio-economic changes, human behavior, environment and society. These are the basic things that are needed to know before you start writing a sample of sociological essay.You must have understood the main idea of your subject if you want to write a sample of sociological essay. If you are new to writing, the best way to start is to read some books which contain sample examples of sociological essays. You must try to identify the theme of your sample essay. This will help you determine the main idea of your essay.Once you know the main idea of your sample, you can now proceed to the analysis part. You should try to identify the main theme and the starting point of your essay. You should then divide your main idea into different sections such as introduction, part one, part two, part three, part four and part five.Analysis is the second part of writing a sample of sociological es say. Here you will write the main ideas. You should now begin to separate the ideas from each other. Once you do this, you will be able to understand the main theme and the main ideas of your essay.Sample of sociological essay is very important. You should not rush to complete your work at once. This can only make you confused and will reduce the chance of getting high marks. Make sure that you have understood the basics of the topics before you start writing a sample of sociological essay.

Adadada Dentistry Essays

Adadada Dentistry Essays Adadada Dentistry Essay Adadada Dentistry Essay Speciality wise vacancy of Specialist Medical Officer (Deputy Commandant) S/No Field of Speciality BSF CRPF SSB ITBP Assam Total Rifles 1 Medicine 07 19 03 03 01 33 2 Surgery 10 19 03 01 01 34 3 Gynae Obs 07 14 03 01 01 26 4 Anesthetist 09 17 03 01 -30 5 Radiologist 10 21 03 03 01 38 6 Pathologist 10 12 03 03 01 29 7 03 11 02 16 Opthomology (EYE) 8 Orthopedics 01 01 02 9 Psychiatry 01 00 01 10 Pediatrics -00 00 Total 58 114 20 12 05 209 Contd.. 3.. :3: Category-wise vacancy of Medical Officer (Assistant Commandant) Srl No Name of Force Current Gen Back Log Current SC Back Log Current ST Back Log. Current OBC Back Log Current Total Back Log Grand Total 1 2 3 4 5 BSF CRPF SSB ITBP Assam Rifles 46 56 25 43 11 181 - 09 03 15 02 -03 -15 03 04 -46 02 06 - 45 28 21 55 11 160 -02 02 103 99 49 116 26 393 -04 04 103 103 49 116 26 397 Total Category-wise vacancy of Dental Surgeon (Assistant Commandant) Srl Name of CAPF UR/ SC ST OBC Total No Gen 1 BSF 01 01 2 CRPF 01 (Back Log) -01 Total 01 -01 -02 Note :- Vacancies are subject to change(may increase or decrease). 5. PAY SCALE Specialist Medical Officers (Deputy Commandant) Rs. 15,600 – 39,100/- plus Grade pay Rs. 6,600/- per month plus other benefits like NPA,DA,HRA,TPT Allowance etc as per Central Govt. rules. No Post Graduate allowance will be admissible as the basic essential qualification for the post is Post Graduate degree/diploma in a particular field of specialization. Medical Officers (Assistant Commandant) Rs. 15,600 – 39,100/- plus Grade pay Rs. 5,400/- per month plus other benefits like NPA,DA,HRA,TPT Allowance etc as per Central Govt. rules. Dental Surgeon (Assistant Commandant) Rs. 15,600 – 39,100/- plus Grade pay Rs. 5,400/- per month plus other benefits like NPA,DA,HRA,TPT Allowance etc as per Central Govt. rules. Contd.. 4.. :4: 6. OPTION FROM CANDIDATES A candidate may opt for the post of Medical Officer/ Specialist Medical Officer in any one or more CAPFs mentioned above. For this purpose he/she will be required to indicate clearly the name of CAPFs for which he/she wishes to be considered in the order of preference. While making appointment, due consideration will be given to the preferences exercised by the candidate and having regard to her/his rank in the order of merit. 7. AGE LIMIT (i) (ii) (iii) The age limit for recruitment of Specialist Medical Officer (Deputy Commandant) will not be exceeding 40 years as on 13. 07. 2013. The age limit for recruitment of Medical Officer (Assistant Commandant) will not be exceeding 30 years as on 13. 07. 2013. The age limit for recruitment of Dental Surgeon (Assistant Commandant) will not be exceeding 35 years as on 13. 07. 2013. Relaxation in age limit shall be as under:5 Years a. SC/ST b. OBC 3 years c. Govt. servant – 5 years. d. Upto a maximum of five years in the case of Medical Graduates who joined Army Medical Corps as Short Service Regular Commissioned Officers and are released after completing the initial period of assignment of five years. The age relaxation upto five years shall also be admissible to the SSCOs whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence has issued a certificate that they will be released on three months notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment. The relaxation in age limit shall be admissible upto a maximum of ten years if such Govt. Servants and SSCO belong to the Scheduled Caste or the Scheduled Tribe and upto a maximum of eight years if such Officers belong to the Other Backward Classes (OBCs). Contd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 5- 8. QUALIFICATIONS/EXPERIENCE For Specialist Medical Officers (Deputy Commandant) (a) A recognized medical qualification of allopathic system of medicines included in the first or second schedule or Part–II of the third schedule (other than licentiate qualification) to the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. Holders of educational qualifications included in Part–II of the third schedule should also fulfill the conditions stipulated in Sub Section (3) of Section (13) of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. Completion of compulsory rotating internship. Should also possess Post Graduate Degree/Diploma from a recognized University/Institution in the concerned specialty mentioned in Section ‘A’ or in Section ‘B’ in Schedule-I or equivalent and one and half years experience in the concerned speciality after obtaining PG Degree or two and half years experience after obtaining PG Diploma. (b) (c) For Medical Officers (Assistant Commandant) (a) A recognized medical qualification of allopathic system of medicines included in the first or second schedule or Part–II of the third schedule (other than licentiate qualification) to the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. Holders of educational qualifications included in Part–II of the third schedule should also fulfill the conditions stipulated in Sub Section (3) of Section (13) of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. Completion of compulsory rotating internship. Candidates who may not have completed the rotating internship shall be eligible to apply and appear for the interview provided that if selected, they shall have satisfactorily completed the compulsory internship before appointment. (b) For Dental Surgeon(Assistant Commandant) (a) A bachelor Degree in Dental Surgery from a recognized University/Institution included in the schedule to the Dentists Act, 1948 (16 of 1948). (b) Should be registered with Dental Council of India. (c) Candidate should have completed compulsory internship. (d) Candidates should have minimum 60% marks in aggregate in BDS exams. Contd.. 6.. (e) (f) 6-Candidates should have cleared all BDS subjects in first attempt. Post Degree work experience will be given preference. 9. PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL STANDARDS The candidates should conform to the following physical standards :9. 1 Sl No. 1 2 Height Gen/SC/OBC Candidates falling in the categories of Gorkhas, Garhwalis, Kumaonis, Dogras, Marathas and candidates belonging to the States of Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunanchal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir and Leh Ladakh regions of JK. ST 77 Cms 82 Cms Unexpanded Expanded Male 157. 5 Cms 155. 5 CMs Female 142 CMs 140 CMs 3 154. 5 CMs 139 CMs Not applicable Proportion ate to height and age. Con†¦. 7.. Chest 1 Weight 1 Proportionate to height and age 7-9. 2 MEDICAL STANDARDS (a) Eye sight Near Vision Better Eye Worse eye (Corrected vision) Distant Vision Better Eye Worse eye (Corrected vision) 6/6 or 6/9 (b) 6/9 6/12 J. I J. II The candidates must not have knock–knee, flat feet or squint in eyes and they should possess high-grade colour vision. The candidates will be tested for colour vision by Ishiahara’s test. They must be in good mental and bodily health and free from any defect likely to interfere with the efficient performance of the duties. (c) Subject to (a) (b) above, the standards of Medical fitness for the candidates would be the same as prescribed by the Government for the Indian Police Service. (d) Candidate will give an undertaking at the time of joining that at any stage of service career, if they are found to be colour blind they will be boarded out as per the SHAPE Policy, in vogue. Candidates should be in good physical and mental state for duties in high altitude and to serve in border areas with extreme climatic conditions. Every candidate on his/her having been selected will be produced before a duly constituted Medical Examination Board for examination of his/her Medical Fitness. The said Medical Board will issue Medical Examination report of the candidate in the prescribed form. The Government of India reserves the right to reject or accept any candidate after considering report of the Medical Examination Board. 10. SELECTION PROCESS (a) FOR MEDICAL OFFICERS AND SPECIALIST MEDICAL OFFICERS (i) The interview will carry 200 marks shall be held to test the general knowledge and ability of the candidate’s in the field of their academic study and also in the nature of personality test to assess the candidate’s intellectual curiosity , balance of judgement and alertness of mind ability of social cohesion integrity of character, iniative and capability for leader ship. The minimum standard for the purpose of selection at the interview shall be 40% of the total marks prescribed for interview. Contd†¦.. 8.. -8(b) FOR DENTAL SURGEON: (a) A total of 200 marks will be awarded to the candidates on the basis of following:(i) Weight age on the percentage of marks secured by the candidate in basic qualification i. e. BDS (50% of total marks) (i. e. if anyone secure 80% marks in basic qualification (i. e.BDS) he will be awarded 80 marks out of 200 marks) Advance qualification (15% of total marks) (30 marks may be awarded for PG degree in dental surgery, 20 marks may be awarded for PG diploma in dental surgery. Experience in relevant field (15% of total marks) [6 marks will be awarded for each year of experience in the relevant field in Govt. Medical College(s) or as a faculty member in Govt Medical College(s) /Govt. recognized private hospital(s). ] 100 (ii) 30 (iii) 30 (iv) Interview (20% of total marks) 40 ________________________________ Total 200 _______________________________ Note: Candidates around equal to ten times of number of existing vacancies in order of merit to be called for interview. (b) The interview which will carry 40 marks shall be held to test the General Knowledge and ability of the candidates in the field of their academic study and also in the nature of personality test to assess the candidates intellectual curiosity, balance of judgement and alertness of mind ablity for social cohesion integrity of character, initiative and capability for leadership. The minimum standard for the purpose of selection at the interview shall be 40% of the total marks (i. e. 40% of 40=16). (g) (c) contd9 9-11 . MERIT LIST The Medical Officers Selection Board will arrange the order of merit on the basis of aggregate marks awarded to each candidate and in the order of combined merit list. The board will compile merit list separately for SC/ST and OBC candidates. 12. MEDICAL EXAMINATION (a) The  General Category candidates who attain the minimum prescribed standard for selection and all the SC/ST and OBC candidates will be required to undergo Medical Examination by the Board of CAPFs’ Medical Officers constituted by Medical Officers Selection Board on a day following the date of interview. (b) Candidate will either be declared â€Å"Fit†or â€Å"Unfit† in the Medical Standard Test and those who will be declared unfit will be allowed to appear before the â€Å"Review Medical Board† on their appeals by Appellate authority. No fee shall be charged from the candidates for Medical examination. 13. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE Candidates shall be required to serve the Force for a minimum period of 10 years. If any officer after joining the service wants to resign from the service before the expiry of 10 years, he/she is required to refund a sum equal to three months pay and allowances or the cost of training imparted to him/her in the Force, whichever is higher. APPLICATION FEES :All General and OBC candidates are required to submit a crossed IPO/Bank Draft/Bankers Cheque of any Nationalised Bank for Rs. 50/in favour of the Accounts Officer, Directorate General, ITBP,New Delhi-03 Payable at New Delhi alongwith application form. SC/ST/Female Candidates and Ex-service man are exempted from paying fees. LAST DATE OF SUBMISSION OF FORMS. Application as per the specimen given below should reach at the following address on or before 13th July 2013. Last date for Candidates from Andaman, Nicobar Island , Lakshadweep, North Eastern Region, Ladakh Division of JK state, Sikkim, Pangi sub Division of Chamba, Lahaul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, is 20th July 2013. THE DEPUTY INSPECTOR GENERAL (PERS) MEMBER SECRETARY MEDICAL OFFICERS SELECTION BOARD (CAPFs)-2013 DIRECTORATE GENERAL,ITBPOLICE,BLOCK-2, CGO COMPLEX,LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI-110003 contd10 14. 15. 10-Cover containing applications must be superscribed in bold letters as â€Å"APPLICATION FOR THE POST OF SPECIALIST MEDICAL OFFICERS (DEPUTY COMMANDANT),MEDICAL OFFICERS (ASSISTANT COMMANDANT) /DENTAL SURGEON (ASSISTANT COMMANDANT)† in CAPFs–2013. Note :- (a) Candidates already employed in Government Organizations should apply through their Employers. (b) Selected candidates will have to undergo basic training and such other courses as prescribed in the Force from time to time. 16. CHECK LISTS OF ENCLOSURES :Before sending application, the candidates must ensure following :(i) (ii) (iii) Duly completed Signed Application form. Application fees for Rs. 50/- as per para 14, if applicable. Recent passport size attested from a Gazetted Officer colour photograph pasted on the application form at the space provided. A spare passport size photograph should also be attached with the application form. Photo Copy of Matriculation Certificate in support of Date of Birth. (iv) (v) 17. Photo Copy of certificates in support of MBBS/BDS or equivalent qualification and other specialized qualifications, issued by the recognized Universities. (vi) Photo Copy in support of completion/undergoing Internship. (vii) Photo Copy of Registration from Medical Council of State/UT. In the case of Dental Surgeon he/she should be registered with Dental Council of India. (viii) Photo Copy of NOC issued by the employer in case the candidate is a Govt. employee. (ix) Copy of Caste Certificate (SC/ST/OBC) in prescribed proforma to be attached as per Annexure-III IV (x) Copy of NCC Grade Certificate, if applicable. (xi) Two self addressed stamped envelop for Rs. 5/- each of 11. 527. 5 cm. size. GENERAL (a) Applications, which are not on prescribed format or not accompanied by the required enclosures, incomplete, unsigned or defective shall be summarily rejected. No representation or correspondence regarding such rejection shall be entertained under any circumstances. (b) Candidates are not required to submit any original certificate along with their applications except the self certified photocopies. Contd.. 11.. (h) 11-(c) Candidates should ensure that they fulfill all the eligibility conditions. If on verification at any stage, it is found that they do not fulfill any of the eligibility condition, the selection committee shall reject their candidature. (d) Candidate found eligible will be called for interview followed by a detailed medical examination by a medical board constituted by the selection committee. Candidate will only be considered for appointment if the candidate is declared medically fit by the medical board as per the instructions. (e) On behalf of Govt. of India, selection committee reserves its right to reject or accept the candidature of any applicant at any stage. (f) Candidates appointed to the cadre shall be on probation for a period of two years. (g) All disputes differences, if any, will be subject to jurisdiction of Delhi only. (h) No Candidate appointed to the posts shall be permitted to engage in private practice including consultancy and laboratory practice. (j) No Candidate will be granted extension in service beyond the age of superannuation. k) Disqualifications. No person,-(i) Who, has entered into or contracted a marriage with a person having a spouse living, or (ii) Who, having a spouse living, has entered into or contracted a marriage with any person, shall be eligible for appointment to the said cadre : Provided that the Government may, if satisfied that such marriage is permissible under the personal law applicable to such person and the other party to the marriage and that there are other grounds for so doing exempt any person from the operation of this rule. 18. The advertisement is also available on ITBP web site. The format of the application may be downloaded from ITBPF web site www. itb police. nic. in. Sd/(S. S. Hartha) DIG (Pers) MOSB Cell, Dte. Genl. ITB Police. Annexure-I Registration No. _________________ (To be filled by office) APPLICATION FOR THE POST OF SPECIALIST MEDICAL OFFICER (DEPUTY COMMANDANT), MEDICAL OFFICER (ASSISTANT COMMANDANT) DENTAL SURGEON(ASSISTANT COMMANDANT) IN CENTRAL ARMED POLICE FORCES – 2013, MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. (This form should be filled in by the candidate in his own handwriting; should be completed in all respects and should be accompanied by self certified copies of testimonials. A recent passport size photograph should also be pasted on the application at the space provided for the purpose. Incomplete application will not be entertained and will be summarily rejected. No column should be left blank. (To be filled by office) ROLL NO APPLIED FOR THE POST OF _______________________ 1. 2. 3. Full Name (in Capital letters) : ______________________________ Father’s name occupation : ______________________________ (a) Date of birth according to : Christian era (as recorded in the matriculation or equivalent certificate) Day (b) Age as on 13. 07. 2013 Month Paste a recent passport size color photograph attested by Gazetted Officer Year 4. 5. 6. Day Month Sex _______________________________ Spouse Name Profession : _______________________________ (For married female candidate only Permanent address in full _______________________________ (With Contact No.) _______________________________ _______________________________ Postal/Correspondence address in full (With Contact No. ) _________________________________ Year 7. 8. 9. 10. State of Domicile Nationality (State whether by birth or by domicile) Religion _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ ______________________________ Contd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 -211. Do you belong to GEN/ SC/ST/OBC/Ex-Serviceman : ______________________________ (SC/ST/OBC Candidates to attach certificate as per Annexure-III/IV. Details of examinations passed starting from Matriculation/ School leaving certificate onwards: Name of School/ Examination College with address passed. Division/ Class Percentage of obtained marks obtained 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Do you have any distinction in athletics or sports ? : _______________________ (If so, give details also enclose certified copy ). Have you been a member of the National Cadet Corps?: _____________________ (If so, give details also enclose certified copy) State, if you are employed (a) Name and address of the employer :________________________ (b) Designation/rank held :________________________ (c) Whether holding permanent/temporary post : _______________________ (d) Whether no objection certificate from the employer attached ? (if not reason thereof. ) :________________________ Past working experience, :________________________ if any (specify) Indicate your option for BSF, CRPF, ITBP, SSB and Assam Rifles in order of preference: 1.  2. 3. 4. 5. DECLARATION I hereby declare that entries made in this form as above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. In the event of any information being found false or incorrect or ineligibility being detected before or after the interview, my candidature will stand cancelled and all my claims for the recruitment forfeited. I also understand that if at any stage I have violated any of the Rules/Regulation governing the conduct of selection process, my candidature can be cancelled or be declared to have  failed by the selection board at its sole discretion. Station: Date : Signature of the applicant NOTE:- The candidate shall produce the original certificates at the time of document verification /interview. Non-production of certificates shall be a disqualification. If any one who does not fulfill the minimum physical standards, educational and other qualifications chooses to apply, he runs the risk of incurring wasteful expenditure for which the Government of India or the Selection board accepts no responsibility. ANNEXTURE-II MEDICAL OFFICER SELECTION BOARD (CAPFs) – 2013 Admit card for the post of Medical Officer in CAPFs 2013 Paste here recent passport size photograph duly attested by a GO Registration No. __________________ Roll No. _________________________ 1. 2. 3. 4. Name of candidate Father/husband’s name Date of birth Postal Address : : : ________________________________ :_______________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Telephone Number with code and E-Mail ID 5. 6. Category(Gen/SC/ST/OBC/Ex-serviceman):__________________________ Personal mark of identification :_______________________________ ________________________________ : ___________________________ 7. Applied for the post of Signature of the candidate (To be filled by the office) 8. 9. Centre of examination Date of examination :__________________________________ :__________________________________ ANNEXURE-III FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE PRODUCED BY A CANDIDATE BELONGING TO SCHEDULED CASTE OR SCHEDULED TRIBE APPLYING FOR APPOINTMENT TO POSTS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA A candidate who claims to belong to one of the Scheduled Caste or the Scheduled Tribes should submit in support of his claim an attested/certified copy of a certificate in the form given below, from the Sub-Divisional Officer or any other officer as indicated below of the District in which his parents (or surviving parent) ordinarily reside who has been designated by the State Government concerned as competent to issue such a certificate. If both his parents are dead, the officer signing the certificate should be of the district in which the candidate himself ordinarily resides otherwise than for the purpose of his own education. Wherever photograph is an integral part of the certificate, the Commission would accept only attested photocopies of such certificates and not any other attested or true copy. The form of the certificate to be produced by Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes candidates applying for appointment to posts under Government of India. This is to certify that Shri/Shrimati/Kumari* _________________ son/daughter of ________________ of village/town* __________________ in District/Division* _______________ of the State/Union Territory* ____________belongs to the Caste/Tribes ___________ which is recognised as a Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes* under :The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) order, 1950 ___________________, the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) order, 1950 ___________, the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Union Territories order, 1951* _____________the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Union Territories Order, 1951* _____________ (As amended by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Modification) Order, 1956, the Bombay Reorganization Act, 1960, the Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966, the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970, the North Eastern Areas Reorganization Act, 1971 and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976) The Constitution (Jammu Kashmir) Scheduled Castes Order, 1956. The Constitution (Andaman Nicobar Islands) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1959 as amended by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes order (Amendment Act), 1976*. The Constitution (Dadra and Nagar Haveli) Scheduled Castes Order 1962. The Constitution (Dadra and Nagar Haveli) Scheduled Tribes Order 1962 @. The Constitution (Pondicherry) Scheduled Castes Order 1964 @. The Constitution (Uttar Pradesh) Scheduled Tribes Order 1967 @. The Constitution (Goa, Daman Diu) Scheduled Castes Order 1968 @. The Constitution (Goa, Daman Diu) Scheduled Tribes Order 1968 @. The Constitution (Nagaland) Scheduled Tribes Order 1970 @. Contd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 -2The Constitution (Sikkim) Scheduled Castes Order 1978 @. The Constitution (Sikkim) Scheduled Tribes Order 1978 @. The Constitution (Jammu Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order 1989 @. The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Orders (Amendment) Act, 1990 @. The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Amendment) Ordinance, 1991 @. The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Second Amendment) Act, 1991 @. The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Amendment) Ordinance, 1996 2. Applicable in the case of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes persons who have migrated from one State/Union Territory Administration. This certificate is issued on the basis of the Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes certificate issued to Shri/Shrimati _______________________Father/Mother _________________of Shri/ Shrimati/Kumari* ____________________ of village/town* in District/Division* ____________________of the State/Union Territory* ______________ who belongs to the _________________________ Caste/Tribe which is recognised as a Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe in the State/Union Territory* issued by the __________________ dated _________________. 3. Shri/Shrimati/Kumari and /or* his/her family ordinarily reside(s) in village/town* _______________of District/Division*__________________of the State/Union Territory of _____________________________ Signature ______________________________________ ** Designation ____________________________________ (with seal of office) State/Union Territory Place ________________ Date ________________ * Please delete the words which are not applicable @ Please quote specific Presid ential Order Delete the paragraph which is not applicable. NOTE: The term, ordinarily reside (s) used here will have the same meaning as in section 20 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950. Contd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 -3** List of authorities empowered to issue Caste/Tribe Certificates: (i) District Magistrate/Additional District Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Commissioner/Additional Deputy Commissioner/Dy. Collector/Ist Class Stipendiary Magistrate/Sub-Divisional Magistrate/Extra-Assistant Commissioner/Taluka Magistrate/Executive Magistrate. Chief Presidency Magistrate/Additional Chief Presidency Magistrate/Presidency Magistrate. Revenue Officers not below the rank of Tehsildar. Sub-Divisional Officers of the area where the candidate and/or his family normally resides. (ii) (iii) (iv) NOTE:- ST candidates belonging to Tamil Nadu State should submit caste certificate ONLY FROM THE REVENUE DIVISIONAL OFFICER. ANNEXURE-IV FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE PRODUCED BY OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES APPLYING FOR APPOINTMENT TO POSTS UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA This is to certify that Shri / Smt. / Kum. _____________________________________Son / Daughter of Shri / Smt. ________________________________________________of Village/Town________________________________District/Division________________ __________________in the__________________________________ State belongs to the _______________Community which is recognized as a backward class under:(i) Resolution No. 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dated 10/09/93 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 186 dated 13/09/93. (ii) Resolution No. 12011/9/94-BCC dated 19/10/94 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 163 dated 20/10/94. (iii) Resolution No. 12011/7/95-BCC dated 24/05/95 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 88 dated 25/05/95. (iv) Resolution No. 12011/96/94-BCC dated 9/03/96. (v) Resolution No. 12011/44/96-BCC dated 6/12/96 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 210 dated 11/12/96. (vi) Resolution No. 12011/13/97-BCC dated 03/12/97. (vii) Resolution No. 12011/99/94-BCC dated 11/12/97. (viii) Resolution No. 12011/68/98-BCC dated 27/10/99. (ix) Resolution No. 12011/88/98-BCC dated 6/12/99 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 270 dated 06/12/99. (x) Resolution No. 12011/36/99-BCC dated 04/04/2000 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 71 dated 04/04/2000. (xi) Resolution No. 12011/44/99-BCC dated 21/09/2000 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 210 dated 21/09/2000. (xii) Resolution No. 12015/9/2000-BCC dated 06/09/2001. (xiii) Resolution No. 12011/1/2001-BCC dated 19/06/2003. (xiv) Resolution No. 12011/4/2002-BCC dated 13/01/2004. (xv) Resolution No. 12011/9/2004-BCC dated 16/01/2006 published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary Part I Section I No. 210 dated 16/01/2006. Shri / Smt. / Kum. ______________________________________________and / or his family ordinarily reside(s) in the __________________________ District / Division of _______________________ State. This is also to certify that he/she does not belong to the persons/sections (Creamy Layer) mentioned in Column 3 of the Schedule to the Government of India, Department of Personnel Training O. M. No. 36012/22/93Estt. (SCT) dated 08/09/93 which is modified vide OM No. 36033/3/2004 Estt. (Res. ) dated 09/03/2004 dated 14/10/2008. Dated: _________________ District Magistrate / Deputy Commissioner / Competent Authority Seal Contd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 -2- NOTE-I:(a) The term ‘Ordinarily’ used here will have the same meaning as in Section 20 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950. (b) The authorities competent to issue Caste Certificates are indicated below: (i) District Magistrate / Additional Magistrate / Collector / Deputy Commissioner / Additional Deputy Commissioner / Deputy Collector / Ist Class Stipendiary Magistrate / Sub-Divisional magistrate / Taluka Magistrate / Executive Magistrate / Extra Assistant Commissioner (not below the rank of Ist Class Stipendiary Magistrate). (ii) Chief Presidency Magistrate / Additional Chief Presidency Magistrate / Presidency Magistrate. (iii) Revenue Officer not below the rank of Tehsildar’ and (v) Sub-Divisional Officer of the area where the candidate and / or his family resides. NOTE-II:(a) The closing date for receipt of application will be treated as the date of reckoning for OBC status of the candidate and also, for assuming that the candidate does not fall in the creamy layer. (b) Candidates belonging to OBC category, the creamy layer status should have been obtained within three years before the closing date i. e. 13. 07. 2013. The OBC certificate in prescribed format issued after 13. 07. 2013 but before the date of document verification/interview is also accepted as valid proof of belonging to OBC Category. Annexure ‘V’ FORM OF CERTIFICATE TO BE SUBMITTED BY THE CANDIDATES THOSE WHO INTEND TO AVAIL RELAXATION IN HEIGHT OR CHEST MEASUREMENT (Please refer para 9 of the advertisement) Certified that Shri__________________________S/O Shri _____________________ is permanent resident of village______________________ Tehsil/Taluka__________________ District________________________ of _____________________ State. 2. It is further certified that: Residents of entire area mentioned above are Dogra, considered Maratha, as_____________________ (Garhwali, Kumaoni, Sikkimies) for relaxation in height measurement for recruitment in the Para Military Forces of the Union of India. He belongs to the Himachal Pradesh/Jammu Kashmir/North Eastern States which is considered for relaxation in height measurement for recruitment in the Para Military Forces of the Union of India. He belongs to ____________________Tribals/Adivasis community which is considered for relaxation in height and chest measurement for recruitment in para-military forces. Date: _____________________ Signature ___________________ Place _____________________District Magistrate/Sub-Divisional Magistrate/Tehsildar Delete whichever is not applicable. davp 19112/11/0110/1314